[P-070]
COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE FLOWERS OF
Phlomis fruticosa L. FROM GREECE

Evangelia TSITSIMI, Anargyros LOUKIS and Eumorfia VERYKOKIDOU
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece

ABSTRACT

The essential oil of Phlomis fruticosa was analysed by GC/MS. Thirty-seven components were identified, representing 85.6% of the oil. The main components were germacrene D (17.8%), g-bisabolene (12.6%), a-pinene (8.9%) and b-caryophyllene (8.7%).


INTRODUCTION

Phlomis L. (Lamiaceae), comprises 12 taxa naturalized in Europe. Phlomis fruticosa (1) is a shrub up to 1m height, growing in rocky places all over the Greece.


MATERIALS AND METHODS

Flowers of Phlomis fruticosa were collected in Kythnos island, Aegean sea, Greece. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of these flowers and was analysed by GC/MS. The GC/MS analysis was carried out using a Hewlett Packard 6890/5973 system, with a HP-5 capillary column (30m · 0.25mm; 0.25mm film thickness), GC oven initial temperature was 60°C and was programmed to 280°C at a rate of 3°C /min. The identification of the chemical constituents was based on the comparison of their Kovats indices to those obtained from the literature (2) and on MS library search, using Wiley, NIST/NBS MS libraries.


RESULTS

Results obtained in the qualitative and quantitative analysis are shown in Table 1. Thirty-seven components were identified representing 85.6% of the oil. The main components were germacrene D (17.8%), g-bisabolene (12.6%), a-pinene (8.9%) and b-caryophyllene (8.7%). The other components were in quantities varied between (3.6%) and (0.2%).


Table 1. Chemical composition of the flower oil of Phlomis fruticosa L.
No
Compound
Percentage
1
 a-thujene
0.4
2
 a-pinene
8.9
3
 b-pinene
0.2
4
 limonene
0.4
5
 (Z)-b-ocimene
0.3
6
 linalool
0.7
7
 nonanal
0.5
8
 decanal
0.3
9
 d-elemene
0.2
10
 a-cubebene
1.9
11
 a-ylangene
1.7
12
 a-copaene
1.2
13
 b-bourbonene
2.6
14
 b-cubebene
0.8
15
 b-elemene
0.3
16
 b-caryophyllene
8.7
17
 (Z)-b-farnesene
0.8
18
 a-humulene
1.2
19
 (E)-b-farnesene
1.2
20
 germacrene D
17.8
21
 a-zingiberene
0.8
22
 a-muurolene
0.3
23
 cuparene
0.3
24
 b-bisabolene 
0.4
25
 g-bisabolene
12.6
26
 d-cadinene
1.8
27
 germacrene B
0.9
28
 caryophyllene oxide
1.9
29
 epi-cedrol
1.0
30
 epi-a-muurolol
1.0
31
 a-cadinol
1.1
32
 b-bisabolol
3.5
33
 2-pentadecanone-6,10,14, trimethyl
3.1
34
 nonadecane
0.3
35
 hexadecanoic acid
3.6
36
 heneicosane
0.6
37
 tricosane
2.3
    Total
85.6

LITERATURE

  1. De Fillips R.A. (1972): In Flora Europaea (Edits. Tutin et al), vol. 3, pp 144-145.

  2. Adams R.P. (1995). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream, IL, USA.

[P-070]