A steroidal aglycon of potato glycoalkaloids, solanidine is strategically impotrant source for the synthesis of hormones and some other pharmacologically active compounds.
In this paper, the kinetics of the solanidine hydrolytic extraction and yield of total extractive materials from poato haulm at various temperature were studied. The aim was to define the optimal temperature for solanidine hydrolytic extraction which is the first impotrant phase during its isolation. The dry and milled haulm of potato, cv Désirée was used. The hydrolytic extraction was carried out under the optimal conditions (solutions: 10% w/v HCl in 2% m/v CH3COOH and 10% w/v in 96% vol. ethanol; the plant material to solvent ratio: 1:20 w/v), at room temperature, temperature of 40°C and 60°C and at water bath boiling temperature. The contents of solanidine in extract was spectrophotometrically determined (420 nm) by use of methyl-orange as colour reagent. The content of the total extractive matters was determined by SCALTEC SM O1, Scaltec Instruments. The kinetic curves show that two periods are observed during the hydrolytic extraction of solanidine: a fast and slow period. The investigation results show that the maximal degree of solanidine hydrolytic extraction and the maximal content of total extractive materials increase, when the temperature is increased. The highest degree of solanidine hydrolytic extraction at boiling temperature was obtained by 10 % w/v in 96 % vol. ethanol after 30 minutes (98.0%). The maximal content of total extractive materials at boiling temperature was obtained by 10% w/v HCl in 96% vol. ethanol after 30 minutes (14.4%).
Key words: kinetics, extraction, glycoalkaloids, solanidine, potato.