In traditional medicine the pumpkin seed as well as the flesh of the fruit are known for their beneficial health influence. The most important experience is related to the pharmaceutical properties of the oil pumpkin seed (Semen Cucurbitae pepo) as well as seed oil (Oleum Cucurbitae pepo), which was recognised not only in traditional medicine, but conformed also in modern medicine and is most frequently used to relieve symptoms in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). It is assumed that delta-sterols, amino acids and selenium are among the most important active principles in this respect. The phytosterols form stable complexes with the protein receptors of dihydrotestosterone and thus lower its binding to cytoplasmatic receptors of the prostatic cells even at the concentrations of 10 -11 M/L. Pumpkin seed oil derived from the naked seeded oil pumpkin cv. "Olinka" administered for 6 weeks to patients with adenoma prostate significantly improved symptoms (lowered amount of residual urine and enhanced micturition speed) when compared to pre-treatment values. Among the other positive effects of the pumpkin seed oil the improvement of potent, recovalescency, as well as of general well being could be mentioned. The seeds are also used as an anthelmintic and are especially effective against tapeworms. Based on this knowledge, the consumption of raw as well as roasted pumpkin seed, seed oil (as salad oil for example) and pumpkin-oil based phytotherapeutics (in the form of ground seed or capsulated oil) are recommended in certain circumstances.

The most important constituents of the fruit flesh from the pharmaceutical point of view are cellulose (purgative effect) and beta-carotin (supposed antioxidative property). The fruit is considered a coolant and diuretic and is used for curing indigestion. The pulp is applied to burns and scalds, inflammation, abscesses, and boils. It is also used in the treatment of migraine and neuralgia.